What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects ~5.5 million reproductive-aged women in the United States  and is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. This tissue can implant on various organs and structures within the pelvic cavity, causing inflammation, pain, and other symptoms.

Common symptoms of endometriosis include: 

• Pelvic pain 
• Painful periods 
• Dyspareunia (pain with intercourse) 
• Dyschezia (pain with bowel movements) 
• Dysuria (pain with urination)
• Infertility 
• Gastrointestinal dysfunction 
• Bloating 
• Fatigue

Despite how common endometriosis is, getting a diagnosis can be challenging. Women suffering from endometriosis often endure a decade-long struggle for a proper diagnosis, with many consulting at least four or five physicians before their concerns are adequately addressed.

The cause of endometriosis is unknown, but it is suspected to be impacted by genetic influence, immune/inflammatory factors, and environmental factors. 

How Endometriosis Affects the Pelvic Floor

Endometriosis can significantly impact the pelvic floor muscles. The chronic inflammation and pain associated with endometriosis can lead to:

• Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction: The pelvic floor muscles may become tight, tense, or spasmed in response to the pain, leading to pelvic floor dysfunction. This can manifest as pelvic pain, painful intercourse, urinary urgency or frequency, and bowel dysfunction.
• Pain Sensitization: Chronic pain can lead to central sensitization, where the nervous system becomes more sensitive to pain signals. This means that even normal sensations can be perceived as painful.
• Adhesions and Scar Tissue: The presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus can lead to the formation of adhesions or scar tissue, which can restrict movement and cause pain in the pelvic region.

The Role of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy

Endometriosis is best managed with a team approach. Some of the disciplines that may help include: 

• OBGYN
• Physical Therapy
• Acupuncture
• Massage
• Nutrition
• Chiropractic Care
• Psychology

Pelvic floor physical therapy can be an essential part of managing endometriosis symptoms. A pelvic floor physical therapist can:

• Assess Pelvic Floor Muscle Function: Evaluate the tone, strength, and coordination of the pelvic floor muscles.
• Address Muscle Tension and Pain: Use manual therapy techniques to release tension and trigger points in the pelvic floor muscles.
• Provide Pain Management Strategies: Teach pain management techniques, such as relaxation exercises, stretches,  and breathing techniques.
• Improve Bladder and Bowel Function: Address urinary urgency, frequency, and bowel dysfunction through exercises and behavioral modifications.
• Educate on Self-Management: Provide education on self-care strategies, such as stretches, exercises, and lifestyle modifications, to manage symptoms at home.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.